Like a simple, HTML5 Osmos. Not sure how Asteroids comes in. When you pass a certain threshold, the bubbles get suddenly & aggressively larger; is it actually possible to win?
Osmos also has a lot of different and interesting mechanics. For one thing, propelling yourself requires you to eject mass in the opposite direct, which also makes you smaller. There's also antimatter bubbles that you don't want to absorb, a gravity (orbit) mechanic, green "living" bubbles which compete with you for resources, etc.
It appears that the yellow killer bubble circumference is proportional to your size, its takeoff vector is the same as your own, and its velocity is a slight multiple of your own.