They announced it is their intention to have all their services and SaaS running on top of Graviton instances. i.e They are eating their own dog food. They said this will be a long time, multi year method. ( And whenever Amazon is saying this that means they are doing as fast as possible to optimise for cost )
The S3 protocol needs MD5 hashes, which these benchmarks don't cover. A Xeon core can do that with a couple of hundred MB/s. As it's a continuous hash of the whole object, this limits S3 performance.
I guess AWS does not care that much about single stream S3 performance but will optimize for costs.
I don't think it uses md5 any more, the newer protocol versions support sha256 hashes and thats only if the user checks, may not be what is used internally.
For the object upload, AWSv4 request signature uses SHA256 on the payload/object, but I don't know if S3 also computes & compares the digest or just uses the x-amz-content-sha256 header value.
Do you happen to know if AWSv4 with S3 also computes & compares the SHA256 of the payload/object or does it just use the specified x-amz-content-sha256 header's value?