How does not knowing which diamond has the phonon make it quantum entanglement?

Because the phonon was initiated by a single photon, which, until observed, cannot be said to have traveled to one diamond or the other. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment .

The 0.7km/week for a house mouse translates to about 7.5 miles/week for a 5'8" tall man compared to a 10cm long mouse. Lots of assumptions, but 7.5 miles is way more than the average sedentary person jogs in a week. It's also very easy to reach for a recreational jogger. Lots of assumptions in there.

And animal models of disease (or aging) are much simpler than real life human biology. One big reason being that lab strains of mice (and maybe the rats in this study, too) are inbred and very homogeneous - genetically speaking. So, something which has a big effect in a lab animal might be due to some strange combination of genes that most "outbred" species (like humans) don't ever have.