This kind of stuff matters to Java developers, too, as, perhaps surprisingly, Java has become a high-performance language, especially when it comes to concurrency (as it offers low-level support for memory fences, and includes state-of-the-art implementations of concurrent data structures).
As pjmlp said, the issue of "array of structs" is being addressed in Java 10. In the meantime, for contiguous memory allocation, you can make use of off-heap memory (which also helps those "more complex forms"). But the flip side is that Java's memory allocation is a lot faster than C's (i.e. in throughput -- not latency, as there are GC pauses), and most GCs are copying collectors that automatically arrange objects contiguously (though it's far from being good enough for arrays of object, as you need to follow references, and every object carries additional overhead, which is precisely why this is being addressed in Java 10).
As pjmlp said, the issue of "array of structs" is being addressed in Java 10. In the meantime, for contiguous memory allocation, you can make use of off-heap memory (which also helps those "more complex forms"). But the flip side is that Java's memory allocation is a lot faster than C's (i.e. in throughput -- not latency, as there are GC pauses), and most GCs are copying collectors that automatically arrange objects contiguously (though it's far from being good enough for arrays of object, as you need to follow references, and every object carries additional overhead, which is precisely why this is being addressed in Java 10).