Proponents of the constitutional amendment argued that
exclusively heterosexual marriage was "an essential
institution of society"
Totally baseless assertion. So was the right to vote only belonging to white male landowners at the end of the 18th century.
[T]hat leaving the constitution unchanged would "result
in public schools teaching our kids that gay marriage
is okay"
In my 13 years of public schooling I don't remember any of my teachers ever discussing marriage.
[And] that gays "do not have the right to redefine
marriage for everyone else."
If you don't like gay marriage, you don't have to get gay married. You're more than welcome to get married to a member of the opposite sex, like I—ostensibly—will do at some point.