Yes you can. But as you did not create any value for wagesforfacebook.com, so it would be weird even as a political statement.
I think you have to understand that this is not really a serious demand. I'd guess no one behind this campaign actually expects wages for using Facebook. It just tries to shine a light on the fact that we are all working when we're using "social media".
Yes, Facebook is profiting from my clickstreams. In other words, it's benefiting from my "work". But I'm also benefiting from Facebook. The only reason you use Facebook is because it adds value to your life in some way right? So to me, having Facebook around is mutually beneficial.
Frankly, I get the point the author is making. Personally, because I'm benefiting from Facebook's existence, I'm fine with them profiting from my contribution to the social graph.
But you can't use Facebook AND demand wages from Facebook.
Can I demand lost time wages from http://wagesforfacebook.com/ because the text scrolls too slowly?