This might not be the case in the silicon valley, but here in Europe I find companies consistently try to offer as little as they can get away with, no matter the position. If you want a salary you think you deserve, you have to ask and be very determined about it. The same can be said of raises, I was massively disappointed to find out effort and hard work has nothing to do with getting a raise, but the truth is many employers are very happy to pay you as little as they can for as long as they can, specially if you are good.