And don’t forget that once the engineers are done, a nice thick layer of analytics junk is slathered on, plus whatever layer that allows marketing/sales to make arbitrary changes at will without code. By the time you’re done with all that even the best engineered web app has become a behemoth.

There’s are a few cases where the engineering side isn’t helping things though, like how the Spotify desktop app loads a full redundant set of JS dependencies for each pane since they’re each independent iframes, which they do so the teams responsible for the panes never have to interact.