HTTPS and any other protocol that uses TLS has virtual hosting (because TLS has virtual hosting), and so does unencrypted HTTP (with the "Host" header), and some "small web" protocols such a Spartan and Scorpion. (In the case of Spartan, the domain name is the first thing the client sends to the server, which should make it easy to implement.) Like you mention, SSH does not. IRC and NNTP also do not have virtual hosting as far as I can tell, although I had suggested to add a HOST command to these protocols to implement virtual hosting.
Note that this is not the only meaning of "virtual hosting". It is very commonly used with different addresses or ports. For example, the Apache `<VirtualHost addr:port>` block. It gets confusing because this is the same block that was used for "named-based virtualhost" (different `ServerName` in the same `<VirtualHost>`). See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_hosting
