On mine, Apple TV+ (the official app as well as Safari) will refuse to play 4K through a similar adapter (VMM7100) on an OLED C2 42 from Cable Matters with the latest 120Hz supporting firmware. I assume it is because HDCP is broken. It works fine with the Mac Mini's built in HDMI. Frustratingly there is no great way to debug this, but if you open up Safari and look in the network tab, you can see the resolution of the video being streamed.
Does your adapter work at 120Hz without updating the firmware? If it does, does it support HDCP?