I think you want the basics of networking as it relates to the World Wide Web. So let's start at the bottom of the stack and go all the way up to a webpage:
There are good links at the ends of these articles. If you can remember some of the history of these various technologies and mention it in an interview it could be the deciding factor for a nerd to give you the job :-)
Another tip: if you ever find a Wikipedia article, change the "en" to "simple" and you'll often get a much simpler explanation. More useful on math and science stuff than anything else, but for example: http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protoc...
Am I the only one who finds simple english wikipedia articles about highly technical subjects absolutely adorable? I can just imagine a wide-eyed 7 year old thinking it's the coolest thing they've ever read.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_server
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Http
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_script
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJAX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorythm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sql
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_known_ports
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_page_rank
There are good links at the ends of these articles. If you can remember some of the history of these various technologies and mention it in an interview it could be the deciding factor for a nerd to give you the job :-)