The second image seems to be a ballistic capture leveraging weak stability boundaries in a 3 body problem.

It's the kind of transfer used by many spacecrafts to get to the moon nowadays (hohmann transfers are only the most efficient in 2 body problems).

Further reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_stability_boundary#Applic...

Edit: Also https://www.gg.caltech.edu/~mwl/publications/papers/lowEnerg...