So much of the time the foundation is that the software, in its entirety, IS the user interface to the electronics.
It's been that way since the beginning.
Electronics got started much earlier than software and there were physical control panels of various effectiveness too.
Before things deteriorated, it was expected that a UI designer who did not know how to code it their own self, or a coder who was not capable of doing vastly better UI than a non-coder, would not have been suitable for mission-critical situations where living things are expected to interact with electronics.
It all still converges to where you need exactly the same people coding that are designing the UI/UX or it's not going to end up as good as it could be.
"Fortunately" most of the coding and UI out there which are proliferating fastest are not mission-critical.
It's been that way since the beginning.
Electronics got started much earlier than software and there were physical control panels of various effectiveness too.
Before things deteriorated, it was expected that a UI designer who did not know how to code it their own self, or a coder who was not capable of doing vastly better UI than a non-coder, would not have been suitable for mission-critical situations where living things are expected to interact with electronics.
It all still converges to where you need exactly the same people coding that are designing the UI/UX or it's not going to end up as good as it could be.
"Fortunately" most of the coding and UI out there which are proliferating fastest are not mission-critical.
That would be a nightmare . . .