There's a lot of responsibility there resting on your superiors because they weren't following "best practises". Sure you fucked up, but if they had backups, it wouldn't have been such a disaster, and if you had a Dev environment to test against, it would have been a non-issue entirely. Straight out of Uni, you shouldn't have been expected to know that, but I bet you grew as a consequence.
Yep, whether the leadership recognizes it or not this is an organizational failure. No access controls for destroying prod data, no backups, no recovery plan, told to do testing in prod, whatever horrible process they have that required engineers regularly directly accessing the database.
