Because it dates to a time when such attacks were infeasible. GPS is very similar in that regard. Even HTTPS was uncommon back when I was in university. NASA spacecraft still communicate over unencrypted channels.
not just mindsets, but the computing power available. These days, my smartphone is millions of times more powerful and the computation to do TLS encryption on every website I visit is trivial for a computer that fits in the palm of my hand. Way back when, the 1 or 2 kilobytes or so a modern RSA private key (PEM format) would take up on disk was meaningful when you only had 4 megabytes of RAM and CPUs ran in the megahertz range.
Also to a dumb phone it doesn't matter whether an SMS contains a phishing link because it has no way of accessing it. Until the advent of smart phones SMS phishing was a non-issue.
Mindsets were different then.