Logisticians were intimately aware of the concept but I’ve never seen an equation formally written down or mentioned anywhere in ancient or medieval texts. They would have used a simplified version for planning - counting days of food an army has and how far they can move from their bases on that food, plus how much they can forage for and how much they can take from the local population.

It looks more like a Civ5 game board than a neat equation like the ideal rocket equation.