Well, we have a pretty good understanding of how our sun works internally just by observing it from the outside, without ever digging a hole into it to observe it from the inside.
The mentioned Hawking radiation is quite weak, weaker than we can currently measure, that's true. But for smalller black holes in the lab or for a black holes in our solar system (planet 9). It is very much possible (in the future) to detect the radiation and gain insights from it, maybe even within this century.
I would direct you to the holographic principle and the AdS/CFT correspondence. Because current theory suggest that the information that falls into a black hole is not lost and can be recovered (resolving the information paradox). Similar to as we can deduce the inner workings of the sun, from the information it emits, we could be able to deduce such information from hawking radiation in case of black holes.
