I wonder if there is a market for search engine where sites pay to be listed. Not a substantial amount like they would for ads. But a small compute fee for the spider plus a contribution for being indexed.
People will pay for clicks. If a small search engine with pay per list sends a lot of visitors website owners will for sure pay. The key I think is to have verified and unverified listings, and give people a free trial of being verified before bumping them out so they know what they're paying for.