Basically the ability to perform a task on the first try, without any feedback. E.g. a robot that is trained to pick up blocks being told to shoot a basketball though a hoop, and making a reasonable attempt at doing so on the first try (doesn't have to be successful, but has to in some way resemble throwing a ball through a hoop rather than picking up blocks).
I can see how the machine learning definition is similar, but the whole idea of retraining and fine-tuning is foreign to a lot of subfields in GOFAI.
Yeah sorry I didn’t mention the important difference, which had me surprised. One shot learning in traditional AI is (to use modern terms), one shot training. The AI doesn’t just do the thing in the first try, it learns from that inference as well and does the thing even better on the second try.
I guess attentional context is almost this, but LLMs don’t update their base model after a one shot inference.
I can see how the machine learning definition is similar, but the whole idea of retraining and fine-tuning is foreign to a lot of subfields in GOFAI.