Well you need to install the appropriate texlive dependencies which can be somewhat complicated, but once that's done it's just writing inline Latex

    $$\like{this}$$

into your Markdown files and then doing

    pandoc -f markdown -t pdf -o output.pdf input.md

Haven't used this in a while and just tried it again, was just a matter of searching a few error messages, gleaning the missing texlive package names from the results, and installing them. Works like a charm now.

I also had this working for Markdown to HTML conversion back in the day when I needed it, but that requires the website using a JS library like Mathjax.