The path my teachers took in school, a few decades ago, was to design math tests that never required a calculator. All problems used basic arithmetic and calculators would actively slow you down. This works for a large portion of elementary, middle school, and high school math. The only downside is the teacher needs to spend a bit more time crafting the problems.
As a former secondary math teacher, you'd be surprised how many kids can't do basic arithmetic without a calculator. This doesn't even just include kids with learning disabilities or those at the lower end of the grade spectrum. I had many students who couldn't multiply or divide when they got to me (let alone understand negative numbers or such) because of the over reliance on tech and calculators when they're younger.
