That was actually my first line of thought as well, but I could never find a way to do that.

My low-level development expertise is pretty low, so perhaps there is a way, but after looking through the USB specification and other USB-development related docs, I just could not figure it out unfortunately.

The closest thing I found was to do someting like this (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13335402/unable-to-sync-...) but I never did.

Do you think that would have worked?

It has been a long time since I touched that code, but the SC4-HSM came with several demos, including a FIDO U2F token, all of which used the USB interface. It would not be at all difficult to make a TOTP application that got its time from there.