I believe Leo Laporte sits on a ball all day when doing all those podcasts and twit live shows he does ... I don't get it - how does it help your posture? Can you not sit slouched over on a ball as easy as a normal chair? Maybe I should try this ball thing!
You keep doing it till your muscles are strong enough :)
Anyways you can do it for part of the day to build up strength. You can also do some 'front bridge' exercises. Don't push yourself just sit as long as you can, then go to a chair for an hour then jump back on.
I have an Aeron at home and a regular office chair at the office.
I would say the difference between the two isn't huge. The Aeron is more comfortable, but I don't know that it was worth all the added cost.
I'd recommend going to a store that specializes in "back" furniture. In Arizona we have http://www.relaxtheback.com/ which had some pretty decent options.
I got a really comfortable chair from warehouse stationary (New Zealand) for about $300. Basically I went in, sat on every chair in there regardless of price or brand and chose a top 3. Then I tested these against each other several times and walked away with the one that felt best.
My suggestion, rather than being a specific chair, is to test many.
Cost: $15
When I'm tired/lazy I sit on a chair from Staples that cost maybe $100 (birthday gift).
8 years in as a pro and with only a little proper training I have almost no problems with my wrist/neck etc.
Now where to spend $1485.