most likely a partial payment - i.e. you have 500K in the bank, 250K is insured and you know you will get it back - the other $250K nobody knows how much will be available when the dust settles, but maybe they (FDIC) feels confident they can give you 10% of that now, and keep making more payments as the picture becomes clearer on how much you can eventually get back. You won't get any final payments for many many months when everything is fully resolved.