> An emitted color (e.g. monitor) and a reflected color (e.g. printout) cannot be the "same", ever, because only the latter depends on how it is illuminated.
Surely there is a case when the light coming into your eye is the same for both? If the printout is lit by the monitor wouldn't it be the same?
The colors can be the 'same' under a specific illumination condition. Standards that help make sure prints look like your screen specify the illumination condition of viewing, and then demand the spectrum radiating from the screen and paper 'look' the same.
Often this is a daylight lamp shining on the paper with a specified intensity, in an otherwise dark room (I believe) compared to watching the screen in a specific ambient light (again daylight with a given intensity).
There is sometimes the expectation to get a printout that looks the same as the image on screen in any illuminating condition. The whole process of designing printed material (or, say, a passive billboard) on a computer has to constantly avoid making that assumption.
Surely there is a case when the light coming into your eye is the same for both? If the printout is lit by the monitor wouldn't it be the same?