Wikipedia's discussion seems pretty good. Fundamentally, force calculations in classical physics tend to be replaced by perturbation calculations in quantum mechanics.
> "A coupling plays an important role in dynamics. For example, one often sets up hierarchies of approximation based on the importance of various coupling constants. In the motion of a large lump of magnetized iron, the magnetic forces may be more important than the gravitational forces because of the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants. However, in classical mechanics, one usually makes these decisions directly by comparing forces. Another important example of the central role played by coupling constants is that they are the expansion parameters for first-principle calculations based on perturbation theory, which is the main method of calculation in many branches of physics."
Perturbation theory and calculations depend heavily on the coupling constant. If I recall correctly, in quantum electrodynamics (Feynman diagrams) the coupling constant is ~ 1/137. If you raise this number to higher powers (adding terms in the pertubation process) it quickly falls off towards zero, so you can get very accurate calculations using this approach in QED.
With the strong force, this coupling constant is much larger and so the higher powers in the perturbative calculation are significant, meaning it's much harder to calculate accurately with QCD compared to QED. From the paper, this reference:
* Improving our knowledge of αS is crucial, among other things, to reduce
the theoretical “parametric” uncertainties in the calculations of all perturbative QCD (pQCD) processes whose cross sections or decay rates depend on powers of αS , as is the case for virtually all those measured at the LHC. *
(2021) "The strong coupling constant: State of the art and the decade ahead"
