Yeah, it seems cheese pizza is a (badly done according to Napolitanen tradition) margherita ; it does have base, tomato sauce and cheese according to all the pictures and references I could find. And that is indeed very common everywhere I have been, including the US where TIL apparently you just say ‘cheese slice’.
Cheese pizza must be the default, right? It is the lack of toppings. Although whether they follow up to clarify about toppings must depend on the place.
In my experience, if the guy on the phone is rude and lets you mess up your order, they are much more likely to produce a good pizza. Places will only be polite (or offer lots of options) if they can't compete on quality.
Never seen a place with a "default". If you ask for pizza it would be exactly like the root comment said. Even if you were to ask for no-toppings you still have to choose whether you want a cream or tomato base.
Not in Nordics or at least in Finland. From search of about dozen pizza places, single one had "Margherita" with cheece and sauce only. Rest don't even have an option for one.
I haven't watches Seinfeld, but I'm under the impression that the main characters are actually the villains, right? The Soup Nazi did nothing wrong (I assume)!