I think your last statement indicates how bad that feedback session reflects, not on you, but on the “boss”. On the one hand, we all have bad moments, that might have been theirs, which sounds pretty terrible though, especially in context of you having limited experience. On the other hand, while if you discuss he/she would probably apologise, it sounds exactly like the kind of boss that will throw you under the bus when the going gets tough.

Early days. One of the key things you get with experience is the cold blood to wait some things out and to not let minor or major incidents get under your skin. If/when this becomes a pattern assess it against the rest of your experience and decide on your best path forward.