My experience playing the Java Minecraft tells me that it's going to be a challenge to render smooth and consistent animations on top of the JVM. The garbage collector tends to create huge frame drops. And 144Hz and more is definitely possible in Chrome/Edge.
Minecraft is (used to be?) a badly optimized game, you can hardly take away any conclusion from that.
And the JVM has multiple of the best GCs out of any runtime, with a specific low latency one which promises <1 ms stops, at which point the OS’s scheduler will have more latency. Also, it’s not like JS is not a GCd language..