In security the forward problem isn't as useful - adding security features/crypto is easy but probably not going to be helpful on its own. We use threat modeling and the security mindset. What is the easiest way for me to break the system/program? Where can I manipulate the inputs to the system? Where were the developers most likely to have made a mistake and what kinds of mistakes are commonly made there?

Also similar in nature is safety engineering. You think about how to make the system fail easily and unexpectedly and you avoid those.

You also try to prioritize the highest risk/lowest cost issues in these. These all involve risk management, which is also critical in investing and is a major reason why Munger has been so successful - he only goes for low risk/high reward plays and bets big on the few opportunities that he gets.