That is a gross simplification isn’t it? While democracy isn’t perfect, it depends a lot how it is implemented. Just like you have badly implemented programs and right ones.

No, I think history and present times makes it clear that this is an inherent property of democracy.

In democracy without any limitations (like the US constitution), a little over 50% of constituents can do whatever they want to any minority comprising less than 50% of the population.

There are plenty of modifications that have been tried, but none of them solve this fundamental problem...

...because when push comes to shove the modifications are ignored. E.g. the US constitution is routinely ignored without consequence for those in power.

I don't think any political system humans have invented exists in reality. Our political systems are a veneer over the reality of consensual interaction sprinkled with generous amounts of violence, manipulation, and control tactics that have always been used to maintain power. I would argue that since these control tactics are inherent to human behavior, a focus on prioritizing anyone's ability to defend themselves is the best solution.