Your comment piques my interest, and I'd like to know more.
My first thought was about the Timaeus (geometrical structures of matter/elements), but I haven't read any treatments about Plato's theory of forms and the development of mathematics.
The cliffnotes version is "plato's forms/ideas" are a first attempt at articulating what abstractions are. Progression of Math is a chain of ideas leading back to these early thoughts.
My first thought was about the Timaeus (geometrical structures of matter/elements), but I haven't read any treatments about Plato's theory of forms and the development of mathematics.