Not sure if you have used macOS or iOS lately but for [edit: two years] now—and well before this public spat with Facebook—they show a privacy disclosure splash screen before turning on many features for the first time. And yes, the Apple apps in the App Store have the nutrition labels.
These apps and some system features also go through the same dialogs for mic/camera/photos/etc. access as third-party apps.
Apple's own advertising network, iAd, was discontinued, and now as far as I know the only way they are involved in paid advertising of third-party products at all is through App Store search result placement.
> at least a year now (...) they show a privacy disclosure splash screen before turning on many features for the first time.
This has been the case from the start of the Apple App Store. Here is a 3 minute video of Steve Jobs talking about it in 2010 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39iKLwlUqBo (Zuckerberg comes up too funnily enough).
I think you are referring to the "Allow Facebook to use your location?" pop-ups. Notably, these have gotten progressively more sophisticated—apps now have to specify a reason for the data request. You can block access to backgrounded apps, and opt to provide a coarse location instead of your full GPS fix. Other protections apply to photo sharing, etc.
These apps and some system features also go through the same dialogs for mic/camera/photos/etc. access as third-party apps.
They also wrote an extensive webpage with several whitepapers on how different features are designed for privacy: https://www.apple.com/privacy/features/
Apple's own advertising network, iAd, was discontinued, and now as far as I know the only way they are involved in paid advertising of third-party products at all is through App Store search result placement.