Letsee, this root filesystem says it was installed on 2019-05-11, so what, a year and a half ago? ish? I just wiped it and reinstalled since only the root filesystem was hosed (separate home filesystem thankfully wasn't affected) and this box was already fully managed by ansible so I just rebuilt an exact replica of the same system in place. (In hindsight, no, I don't know why I didn't use that opportunity to switch to XFS.)
Also, I'm going to somewhat mirror sibling comments: Even if the hardware is faulty, that should produce a filesystem with explicit checksum errors, not an unreadable filesystem. There is certainly an upper limit to what it could catch, but you'll have to forgive my skepticism that only one of the 2 filesystems on the system was affected and only after months of use, and then the corruption was so complete that it couldn't even tell me what was wrong and try to fix it.
Also, I'm going to somewhat mirror sibling comments: Even if the hardware is faulty, that should produce a filesystem with explicit checksum errors, not an unreadable filesystem. There is certainly an upper limit to what it could catch, but you'll have to forgive my skepticism that only one of the 2 filesystems on the system was affected and only after months of use, and then the corruption was so complete that it couldn't even tell me what was wrong and try to fix it.