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Something that is never clear to me - what defines what is an axiom and what is derived from the axiom?

In Russel's PM, `(when (or p p) p)` is considered an axiom, but `=` isn't, and is derived from the other axioms.

But...why not the reverse? The axiom "when either apples or apples, then apples" just seems like another way to state "apples = apples". Why is that not the axiom that other things follow from, then?




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