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> People voting for Trump are regular blue collar workers loosing from globalization. Hence they want walls. I don't think there is any good in demonizing them.

Noted:

> Of course, these two explanations are not mutually exclusive. Both may have some validity. Moreover, as Michael Tesler has argued, economic anxiety and discontent among white voters in 2016 appear to be closely connected to racial resentment. His analysis of survey data indicate that many white voters, especially those without college degrees, believe that racial minorities and immigrants have been favored by government policies while their own communities have been neglected, especially during the Obama years (Tesler 2016b). The Trump campaign explicitly connected these issues by arguing that illegal immigrants were taking jobs away from American citizens and reducing wages for American workers.

> To sort out these competing explanations, we test the hypothesis that Trump’s surge among white working class voters, compared with previous GOP presidential candidates, was due to his explicit appeal to white racial resentment and ethno-nationalism. Thus, Trump’s campaign may have helped to politicize these attitudes, identifying them with a political party, especially among less educated white voters who tend to be less attentive to political campaigns and therefore less aware of differences between candidates on racial and other issues (Tesler 2016c). To test this hypothesis, we can compare the correlations between scores on the racial resentment scale and relative ratings of the Republican and Democratic presidential candidates on the feeling thermometer scale over time among white voters with and without college degrees.

* https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002716218811309




> racial resentment scale

I didn't find methodology of this, so I looked for it. As a European, I'm appalled. This is how you define racism, really?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_resentment_scale

> The racial resentment scale has been criticized for not separating racism from ideas like conservatism or individualism. Some political scientists have attributed Republicans' higher resentment scores to the fact that they typically favor less government intervention

Well that's not surprising considering the nature of the questions. Damn your notion of racism is strange, Americans.


>> Some political scientists have attributed Republicans' higher resentment scores to the fact that they typically favor less government intervention

> Well that's not surprising considering the nature of the questions. Damn your notion of racism is strange, Americans.

"Government intervention" may be a codeword for social programs, which are often viewed in a certain way:

> Here, we integrate prior work to develop and test a theory of how perceived macro-level trends in racial standing shape whites’ views of welfare policy. We argue that when whites perceive threats to their relative advantage in the racial status hierarchy, their resentment of minorities increases. This increased resentment in turn leads whites to withdraw support for welfare programs when they perceive these programs to primarily benefit minorities.

* https://academic.oup.com/sf/article/97/2/793/5002999

* https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy046

Some books on this:

> Wetts and Willer are hardly the first scholars to argue that racial animus is a powerful factor motivating opposition to social spending and redistribution in the US. Jill Quadagno’s The Color of Welfare in 1994 and Martin Gilens’s Why Americans Hate Welfare in 1999 credited racial factors — in particular, stereotypes of black people as lazy and overly dependent on government aid — with substantially reducing support for welfare spending since the war on poverty began in the 1960s.

* https://www.vox.com/2018/6/7/17426968/white-racism-welfare-c...


>"Government intervention" may be a codeword for social programs

Yeah, are you sure that racism is about opposing welfare and quotas? Not thinking that other people are inherently inferior or malicious due to their race, but that there should be no affirmative action.

That sounds like a ill-minded umbrella term to me, invented to call people you don't like racist.

> racial animus is a powerful factor motivating opposition to social spending and redistribution

It's not a surprise if you define racial animus as being against welfare.

https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/you.stonybrook.edu/dist/f/1052...

> Consistent with the expectations of new racism researchers, resentment accounted for racial bias in support of the experimental college scholar-ship program examined in this study, reinforcing its role as a measure of racial prejudice. But these effects were confined to self-identified liberals. Racial resentment did not explain racially biased program support among conservatives and was not linked to other negative racial attitudes among them. This leaves the concept of racial resentment in real doubt. If resentment measures prejudice among liberals but not conservatives it cannot function successfully as a broad measure of racial prejudice.


anti-black racism has (and continues to be) woven into the fabric of American society. That's not an understatement, our cities are often built in ways that harmed racial minorities. When there are, quite literally, "racist bridges" in the US, not to mention the anti-black histories of everything from Central park to the US highway system, it's not clear why that is a bad definition.


it comes almost from an angle of "not enough empathy" and painting individualism as a byproduct of broader narcissism complex

america want to succeed but only if every moral decision is followed. realistically this is almost never enforced and people act amorally all the time even if doing so somewhat altruistically




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