I don't think you understand what oversubscription means, tiered network topologies' links increase in performance nearer to the IX, and that someone, usually the large ISP themselves, often owns the network all the way to the IX. Cable internet providers in the US get away with extreme oversubscription in certain low avg bandwidth areas and don't publish these details as required in other countries.
>I don't think you understand what oversubscription means, tiered network topologies' links increase in performance nearer to the IX, and that someone, usually the large ISP themselves, often owns the network all the way to the IX.
Getting to the IX doesn't mean you're home free, though. Your transit providers are also oversubscribed and links further down the chain could get congested.
In this case, Comcast is a nearly-Tier-1 transit provider that spends almost $0 on transit outside of interconnect/switchport costs. This argument doesn't really apply. In fact, companies pay them for transit to connect/peer because they can't afford to not.
>Comcast argued that it could be considered a Tier 1 itself, as less than one percent of its traffic requires transit.
>As Comcast's market power continued to increase and consumers had less choice, they actually started demanding payments for connectivity. A larger Comcast will be able to demand even greater payments.
As for T-Mobile/ATT, they are Tier 1 providers who again get transit for free. Spectrum is the only resource that is scarce in that scenario.
The same rules don't apply to the larger ISPs. This market is not fair.
