On my four year electronic engineering course, we did semiconductor physics, principles of electromagnetism, IC design, digital logic using semiconductors, abstract digital logic, processors and systems programming with ARM assembly, transmission lines, digital comms systems (stuff like network throughput, dish areas, network capacity, information theory), the Ethernet standard, packet switching algorithms, TCP/IP, network programming with C, high level languages (Python, Java), and on my own for degree projects I did stuff with PostgreSQL, FastCGI, Elixir, HTTP and Javascript. There were optional modules for stuff like nanotech, physical modelling synthesis, control theory, audio programming for iOS, etc.
Combine that four year degree with a computer science degree (so eight years total), and I think you'd have a pretty in-depth overview of the principles of every part of the stack from React down to silicon, boron and phosphorus, albeit not all the implementation details.
Agressive EEs can cover a lot. I started out designing chips. Agressive CS (Compilers, OS, Data Structures, Databases) can cover a lot. Some of the modern stacks dependencies (npm, blegh) leave you with a lot to comb through. Modern compiler's ability to deal with various level caches and memory architectures, and look-aheads, and TLBs, and what not, can boggle the mind a bit.
One can pretty easily understand all of the sub-systems in isolation (well, it takes more than a couple of years!), but not on ALL of the systems, and complex systems, in total are more than any one mind can reason about in, in total. Too much for one brain to contain the dependency graph.
On my four year electronic engineering course, we did semiconductor physics, principles of electromagnetism, IC design, digital logic using semiconductors, abstract digital logic, processors and systems programming with ARM assembly, transmission lines, digital comms systems (stuff like network throughput, dish areas, network capacity, information theory), the Ethernet standard, packet switching algorithms, TCP/IP, network programming with C, high level languages (Python, Java), and on my own for degree projects I did stuff with PostgreSQL, FastCGI, Elixir, HTTP and Javascript. There were optional modules for stuff like nanotech, physical modelling synthesis, control theory, audio programming for iOS, etc.
Combine that four year degree with a computer science degree (so eight years total), and I think you'd have a pretty in-depth overview of the principles of every part of the stack from React down to silicon, boron and phosphorus, albeit not all the implementation details.