Afaik Rust's futures compile to a state machine, which is basically just a struct that contains the current state flag and the variables that need to be kept across yield points. An executor owns a list of such structs/futures and executes them however it sees fit (single-threaded, multi-threaded, ...). So there is no stack per future. The number of stacks depends on how many threads the executor runs in parallel.
Like a stack frame, but allocated once of a fixed size, instead of being LIFO allocated in a reserved region (which itself must be allocated upfront, when you don't know how big you're going to end up).
The difference being: if your tasks need 192B of memory each, and you spawn 10 of each, you just consumed a little less than 2kB. With green threads, you have 10 times the starting size of your stack (generally a few kB). That makes a big difference if you don't have much memory.
So that's actually green threads in my book (in a good implementation I expect to be able to configure the stack size), with the nice addition that the language exposes the needed stack size.
It's a stackless coroutine. AFAIK, the term “green thread” is usually reserved to stackful coroutines, but I guess it could also be used to talk about any kind of coroutines.
It's more efficient (potentially substantially more so). In a typical threaded system you have some leaf functions which take up a substantial amount of stack space but don't block so you don't need to save their state between context switches. In most green threaded applications you still need to allocate this space (times the number of threads). The main advantage of this kind of green threads is you can seperate out the allocation which you need to keep between context switches (which is stored per task)versus the memory you only need while actually executing (which is shared between all tasks). For certain workloads this can be a substantial saving. In principle you can do this in C or C++ by stack switching at the appropriate points but it's a pain to implement, hard to use correctly (the language doesn't help you at all), and I've not seen any actual implementations of this.
