The extremely sudden illness seems more compatible with poisoning than with a disease, or more precisely, I’m not aware of any disease capable of killing in less than 24 hours from the early signs, at least in humans, but I’m not anywhere near an expert on dog’s diseases.
About the food distribution can be that it’s affecting only some common ingredient used by different dog foods so it will be difficult to pinpoint it. If I were in Norway with a dog I would rather avoid the common dog food until there is more clarity on what’s going on.
Algae bloom kills dogs in an hour or two. Numerous cases is Southeastern US this August. All swam in lakes/ponds/stagnant water. Casuses acute kidney or liver failure.