My wife had this experience a while back when interviewing at a mid-tier semiconductor company. She was asked to disclose her current salary and refused. They became very insistent that the process could not continue until she disclosed it, and that they had a company policy of not giving any new hire more than a 10% bump. They ended up wanting to make her an offer anyway (she turned them down), so it's certainly possible to refuse and not lose the opportunity in some cases, even when they are very insistent.

I'm with everyone else that you don't want to work at a place so unreasonable that they won't hire you for something like this. I assume that if you asked them for a salary histogram for the position you're applying for, you'd get laughed out of the building. Maybe it would be help to mention that.