1) is weasel wording. The vast majority of people now see racism as morally wrong. Back in 1890? I don't know, but I doubt it was as clear-cut as today. Morality is personal but the moral average/norm of an era is societal.
2) Sure. Traditional masculinity is closely tied to strength, violence, authoritarianism and such. I bet there's plenty of that in Glasgow street gangs, much as there is in many working class cultures.
3) More like, male scarification is what traditional masculine cultures do, and thus is likely associated with militarism, warfare, subjugation and other such pursuits.
2) Sure. Traditional masculinity is closely tied to strength, violence, authoritarianism and such. I bet there's plenty of that in Glasgow street gangs, much as there is in many working class cultures.
3) More like, male scarification is what traditional masculine cultures do, and thus is likely associated with militarism, warfare, subjugation and other such pursuits.