That case references reproductions of thumbnail images for search engines and lays out the criteria under which a fair use is judged, and people who are casually reading your comment shouldn't take it as a definitive judgement about legality.
While you're unlikely to be sued for printing off something you don't have the right to make a copy of, you definitely don't have the right to make prints of whatever you find on the internet.
>you definitely don't have the right to make prints of whatever you find on the internet
If you have any references that say that, I'd love to see them. Specifically, I'd like to see anything that says that printing a contents of a publicly accessible website for personal use and not to distribute or sell is a violation of copyright. I'm not a lawyer, but everything I read in the Wikipedia article I linked to says otherwise.
The printed version would be transformative, the image is from a published work, and printing it does not harm the market value of the image. That's why I linked it, because it's substantially the same argument.
For some extended commentary on what fair use is, https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-... is pretty good.
While you're unlikely to be sued for printing off something you don't have the right to make a copy of, you definitely don't have the right to make prints of whatever you find on the internet.