There are software engineering fields where people commit to precise specifications - they typically interface with humans on some biological level (medical devices, etc), and they are quite expensive.
Of course, the same goes for military/infrastructure (self-driving trains) software.
And there are solutions for improving software safety, it starts by improving the process of software development. And for that there's at least one sort of official framework: CMMI.
(Even though DoD stopped requiring CMMI, but it still considers it a big plus, and companies for important stuff all use it.)
Of course, it'll be interesting to see what goes on with the F-35, as a lot of testing is now "skipped". (Sure, that is not software testing, but still, I can't imagine the software dev process is in a better shape after all these delays, cost overruns and probably still ongoing requirement changes.)
