It's a broad subject and I'm only interested in software verification. It's specialized enough that you should be reading papers and reading about systems. My favorite systems+papers are:

  Coq: The world’s best macro assembler?

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/coq-wor...

  Vale: Verifying High-Performance Cryptographic Assembly Code

https://project-everest.github.io/assets/vale2017.pdf

  x86proved

https://x86proved.codeplex.com/