Regarding the Netherlands, everyone aged 14 or older is required to always carry ID. This means that here, voter ID laws won't be restrictive because essentially everyone has ID.
Germany also seems to have similar laws.
The point being, whether voter ID is restrictive depends on how widespread accepted ID is, and what the barriers to getting such ID are. I recall that, much like gerrymandering, there are cases where US state legislators explicitly demanded demographic information on ID ownership before moving forward with voter ID laws.
That is to say, there isn't just correlation between voter-id proposals and partisan advantage, there are clear signs of actual intent.
The point being, whether voter ID is restrictive depends on how widespread accepted ID is, and what the barriers to getting such ID are. I recall that, much like gerrymandering, there are cases where US state legislators explicitly demanded demographic information on ID ownership before moving forward with voter ID laws.
That is to say, there isn't just correlation between voter-id proposals and partisan advantage, there are clear signs of actual intent.