It should be possible, but as a browser rather than a driver so you'd still need Chromedriver to glue Chrome and Selenium together. In Karma with karma-chrome-launcher[1] you can pass options to the browser using the flags option, eg;

customLaunchers: { chrome_headless: { base: 'Chrome', flags: ['--headless'] } }

I've not tested that yet but I can't really see a reason why it wouldn't work.

[1] https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-chrome-launcher