Airports where wind is especially problematic (eg HKG) use special radars to look at the turbulence. Some research on running a local high res model with radar used for initialisation, but the short timescales make it difficult.

http://www.atrad.com.au/products/wind-profilers/boundary-lay...

Also, SODAR: http://www.vaisala.com/en/energy/Weather-Measurement/Remote-...