This sounds amazing, and Id love if Apple allowed touchid for regular account-password prompts in macOS 10.13 (or a Sierra point update but let's be realistic)
If they integrated this down to the built in sudo/su that would be even more amazing, but I imagine that's much less likely.
It is already the case. In the keynote, they demoed Fast User Switch with a touch of finger. If multiple people share a single computer, switching to the right user account is a touch away.
I haven't tried the new MBP but this was how I assumed it worked... On iOS you just need to enter your password when the device first boots, then you can use TouchID to authenticate for almost everything where you would use your password.
If they integrated this down to the built in sudo/su that would be even more amazing, but I imagine that's much less likely.