Ive seen these being mentioned from nordic semiconductors, http://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/Products/2.4GHz-RF and specifically http://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/Products/2.4GHz-RF/nRF24L01
but they're not quite in the same space as esp8266 or esp32 - they all just do WiFi or Blutooth, with much less power required than esp8266, but do not have any processor left over for doing anything else really, and memory is also very little. These are more like components when you want to build more to your wish.
So Id say, no not really, there isnt an alternative still. I think it is due to ARM requiring license costs which are higher than Xtensas so unit cost doenst reach $1.95 yet. Then it is also really difficult to both design a CPU and integrate the radio on it - with good power-management in such a small form-factor.
The Realtek is a competitor, the Nordics you mention are not. The nRF24L01 uses a proprietary radio. Some of the nRF chips are popular for Bluetooth Low Energy especially given that they do have Cortex M processors that can be used to run applications, but it ain't a competitor without WiFi.
Then you have this Realtek-RTL8710 which is ARM 32bit based, little less flash, more memory, and a bit more pricy, http://www.instructables.com/id/Realtek-RTL8710-Alternative-... buy here http://www.aliexpress.com/item/RTL8710-serial-WIFI-model-ESP... but it seems a bit more expensive than esp8266, which for IoT does make a difference.
So Id say, no not really, there isnt an alternative still. I think it is due to ARM requiring license costs which are higher than Xtensas so unit cost doenst reach $1.95 yet. Then it is also really difficult to both design a CPU and integrate the radio on it - with good power-management in such a small form-factor.